A standardized, collective list off mix-fitness was determined each blend of maternal tree and pollen donor, centered on mature fruits lay, seed germination, and you will survivorship and you will growth of seedlings. Each types, mixed-model research regarding variance was utilized to evaluate the effects out of crossing procedures (repaired perception; having maternal tree included because a haphazard impression) on the portion of hand-pollinated plant life function adult fruit, prices out-of seeds germination and you can seedling survivorship, seedling proportions at the step one year, and you may collective physical fitness. Several activities was basically looked at playing with ANOVA: (a) plus most of the services, (b) leaving out imbalanced treatments, to allow assessment regarding correspondence words, (c) without selfing therapy (as maternal trees was in fact mostly otherwise entirely thinking-incompatible), and you may (d) collection all of the inside-Sinharaja outcrossing services to check the result regarding within- against. between-forest crossing. The end result of crossing range for each factor is actually next checked out playing with linear otherwise quadratic regression analysis, with respect to the shape of the partnership. Lastly, per maternal forest, the results regarding nearest-neighbor and you may enough time-point mating was basically estimated owing to indicator out-of biparental inbreeding sites de rencontres pour célibataires dans la 40aine despair and you will outbreeding anxiety, correspondingly, predicated on collective physical fitness values.
Syzygium rubicundum
Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: Fdos,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).
Shorea cordifolia
Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; Fdos,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.