Variation into the ? 15 Letter opinions among breeding colonies differed in respect toward chick-rearing period (Fig 4)
The newest telecommunications anywhere between breeding colony and you can hatching big date indicated that the brand new change in ? thirteen C viewpoints which have hatching timing ranged one of reproduction territories. Simply during the Suhaam, ? thirteen C thinking off chicks improved 0.twenty-four ± 0.07‰ everyday (0.10–0.38‰/day) over the chick-rearing months, while there was zero proof changes into other territories (Gujido: -0.04 ± 0.10‰/date -0.24–0.15‰/day; Namdongji: 0.02 ± 0.06‰/time -0.10–0.13‰/day; Chilsando: -0.05 ± 0.09‰/date, -0.23–0.12‰/day).
For ? fifteen N, a complete model differed rather in the null model (? 2 = , df = 12, p dos = 8.54, df = step 3, p = 0.036) and you will breeding nest and you can hatching time (? 2 = nine.23, df = step 3, p = 0.026), since the telecommunications anywhere between chick-rearing months and you will hatching go out to possess ? 15 Letter was not tall (? 2 = step one.09, df = step one, p = 0.292; S2 Dining table). The low model showed that ? 15 Letter opinions out-of girls differed between chick-rearing episodes simply in the girls within Chilsando, where ? 15 N opinions into the later hottie-rearing months was in fact 1.01 ± 0.33‰ straight down (0.33–step one.68‰) than those during the early hottie-rearing months (Fig 4). Discover zero proof a distinction into the ? 15 Letter philosophy ranging from hottie-rearing attacks from the most other territories (Gujido: -0.04 ± 0.45‰, -0.95–0.88‰; Suhaam: -0.01 ± 0.39‰, -0.81–0.77‰; Namdongji: -0.25 ± 0.42‰, -1.10–0.59‰; Fig 4). On early hottie-rearing season, the new feathers away from girls within Gujido encountered the lower ? fifteen N opinions (eleven.8 ± 0.41‰); among the other about three colonies, the new ? fifteen N values from girls in the Chilsando (16.step 3 ± 0.41‰) had been substantially more than those people in the Suhaam (fourteen.8 ± 0.30‰) and you can Namdonji (fourteen.9 ± 0.34‰). On late chick-rearing season, ? fifteen Letter values out-of girls have been lower during the Gujido (eleven.8 ± 0.41‰) than on almost every other breeding colonies, so there are no variation one of several other colonies (Suhaam: fourteen.8 ± 0.30‰, Namdonji: fifteen.2 ± 0.34‰, Chilsando: 15.step three ± 0.24‰; Fig cuatro).
I did not discover supporting research towards improvement in ? fifteen N viewpoints because of the hatching big date off chicks in every reproduction nest (Gujido: 0.01 ± 0.07‰/time -0.06–0.09 ‰/day; Suhaam: 0.04 ± 0.03‰/day, -0.01–0.09 ‰/day; Namdongji: -0.03 ± 0.02‰/big date, -0.07–0.01 ‰/day; Chilsando: -0.06 ± 0.03‰/time, -0.13–0.01 ‰/day).
The fresh Bayesian combination model and displayed a beneficial spatial difference in diet use between reproduction colonies (Fig 5), which revealed that the diet structure away from spoonbill chicks in the Gujido was mainly distinct from one various other reproduction territories. Despite freshwater wetlands not-being designed for foraging on the vicinity (Fig 1, Dining table step one), chicks from the Gujido were given almost totally freshwater dieting (>79%) in age range, that diet have been controlled because of the freshwater invertebrates (Fig 5). On the other hand, almost every other Tuscaloosa escort sites communities which could availability freshwater wetlands and intertidal components made use of one another marine and you will freshwater eating offer during the an identical speed throughout the new chick-rearing several months (Fig 5). New design revealed that girls from the Chilsando was basically given with increased freshwater and you may marine fish in early post-hatching months than other territories (Fig 5). In addition, there can be highest convergence out-of estimated eating plan benefits between the early and later hottie-rearing episodes (Fig 5).
Discussion
The quintessential prominent wanting try your ratio off freshwater dieting try higher from the Gujido, in which no freshwater wetlands are offered for foraging in the normal foraging variety (eleven kilometer regarding the nest). Likewise, within almost every other colonies discovered around the shore, and additionally Suhaam, Namdongji, and you may Chilsando, people provided their girls which have target away from intertidal mudflats and you may freshwater wetlands in the a comparable speed. It result is during the arrangement with the ones from earlier in the day accounts, and this indicated that the fresh people at almost every other offshore islands didn’t provide within the nearby intertidal flats however, off even more distant freshwater wetlands alternatively, when you find yourself the individuals at inshore isles put each other habitats. These types of abilities and corroborate the newest findings of earlier profile demonstrating you to definitely the brand new diet out-of girls when you look at the offshore colonies primarily came from freshwater habitats [17, 18]. With regard to temporary improvement in brand new proportion out of freshwater dieting, the research indicated that ? 13 C opinions, which were used to view eating plan dimensions off freshwater and intertidal wetlands, was indeed highest in early hottie-rearing several months than just for the later hottie-rearing several months. On top of that, ? 13 C thinking to possess Suhaam increased as well as hatching timing. This type of efficiency signify, within the Suhaam, brand new freshwater diet ratio off chicks could be higher during the very early chick-rearing 12 months versus late hottie-rearing months, if you’re early-breeding spoonbills might supply their girls with additional freshwater target than just spoonbills reproduction later on. Such results are consistent with before observations conducted on coastal elements up to Suhaam, and therefore showed that the amount of spoonbills foraging in the rice paddies reduced along side hottie-rearing season in the coastal town up to Suhaam [17, 36, 78].